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== Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) ==

The '''Lightweight Directory Access Protocol''' (LDAP) is an open, vendor-neutral, application protocol used for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an Internet Protocol (IP) network. LDAP is commonly used for centralized authentication, authorization, and directory services in enterprise networks.

=== Operation ===

LDAP operates on a client-server model and uses a hierarchical data model to organize directory information. The LDAP protocol involves the following key components:

* '''Directory Information Tree (DIT)''': LDAP directories organize information in a hierarchical tree structure called the Directory Information Tree (DIT). Each entry in the DIT represents an object, such as a user, group, or resource, and is identified by a unique Distinguished Name (DN).
* '''LDAP Client''': LDAP clients are applications or devices that interact with LDAP servers to query, retrieve, and modify directory information. Common LDAP clients include authentication services, email clients, and directory browser utilities.
* '''LDAP Server''': LDAP servers store and manage directory information and provide access to LDAP clients. LDAP servers respond to client requests, such as search queries, authentication requests, and directory updates.

=== Features ===

LDAP provides several features that make it suitable for directory services:

* '''Centralized Directory Service''': LDAP enables organizations to centralize user authentication, authorization, and directory information, simplifying management and ensuring consistency across distributed networks.
* '''Hierarchical Structure''': LDAP directories use a hierarchical structure to organize directory information, allowing for efficient searching, retrieval, and management of directory objects.
* '''Extensibility''': LDAP is extensible and supports custom schema definitions, allowing organizations to define their directory schema to meet specific business requirements.

=== Applications ===

LDAP is used in various applications and services, including:

* '''Authentication and Authorization''': LDAP is commonly used for centralized user authentication and authorization in enterprise networks, allowing users to access multiple systems and services with a single set of credentials.
* '''Directory Services''': LDAP is used to store and manage directory information, such as user profiles, group memberships, and access control lists, in applications such as email servers, web servers, and network appliances.
* '''Identity Management''': LDAP is used for identity management solutions, enabling organizations to manage user identities, roles, and permissions across heterogeneous IT environments.

=== Advantages ===

* '''Scalability''': LDAP is designed to scale to large, distributed networks with millions of directory entries, making it suitable for enterprise deployments.
* '''Interoperability''': LDAP is a widely adopted standard protocol supported by a variety of LDAP servers, clients, and applications, ensuring interoperability across different platforms and vendors.

=== Disadvantages ===

* '''Complexity''': LDAP can be complex to configure and manage, particularly for organizations with diverse directory structures and complex authentication requirements.
* '''Security Risks''': LDAP implementations may be vulnerable to security risks, such as unauthorized access, data breaches, and denial-of-service attacks, if not properly configured and secured.

== See Also ==
* [[Directory_Service|Directory Service]]
* [[Authentication|Authentication]]
* [[Authorization|Authorization]]
* [[Active_Directory|Active Directory]]
* [[OpenLDAP|OpenLDAP]]

== References ==
* [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4511 RFC 4511 - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): The Protocol]

[[Category:Protocols]]